Розробка заходів підвищення ефективності експлуатації холодильників газу на компресорних станціях

Abstract

Дисертацію присвячено дослідженням впливу температурного фактора на параметри технологічного режиму газопроводу, зокрема на енерговитратність на транспортування газу, та розробці заходів і засобів інтенсифікації процесу охолодження газу в холодильниках після компримування шляхом попередження й очистки їх від відкладень. Запропоновано та впроваджено в практику методи, що базуються на підготовці води дією магнітного поля, низькочастотному впливі на відкладення та безреагентному попередженню відкладень із видаленням їх за межі системи охолодження.

Диссертация посвящена исследованиям влияния температурного фактора на параметры технологического режима газопровода, в частности на энергозатратность на транспортировку газа, и разработке мер и средств интенсификации процесса охлаждения газа в холодильниках после компримирования путем предупреждения и очистки их от отложений. Предложены и внедрены в практику методы, основанные на подготовке воды действием магнитного поля, низкочастотном влиянии на отложения и безреагентном предупреждении отложений с их удалением за пределы системы охлаждения.

The aim of the dissertation is to solve such main problems as analytical research of the thermal gas dynamic processes in complex systems, definition of regularities of gas flow distribution taking into consideration variable geometric characteristics and character of hydraulic resistance, establishment of characteristic correlation between the parameters of neoisothermal gas flow in gas pipelines and its influence on the identity of the systems of gas consumption measurement. The offered principles of equivalence of the complex gas transportation systems allowed to construct the characteristics of the linear part of the Ukrainian system of main gas pipelines, the purpose of which is to define the exploitation parameters and to estimate the energy consumption for gas transportation. By the method of characteristics there was constructed an algorithm and was made calculation of percolation and total power of compressor stations under different conditions of system exploitation. There was done the research of dependence of total energy consumption for gas transportation on the depth of its cooling after compression while taking into account the energy consumption necessary for its cooling. The research demonstrated that the increase of the depth of cooling in reasonable limits makes possible to decrease the total energy consumption for gas transportation. In the dissertation there was described the research and development of the effectiveness increase system of gas cooling by water as a result of creating a high coefficient of heat transmission from gas to water. The offered methods and units were tested at the objects of gas transportation system of the subsidiary of company “Ukrtransgas”. There was developed the mathematical model of kinetics of the heat condition of natural gas flows in the pipeline after reduction. It provides the means for establishment of the regularity of temperature distribution in the radial and longitudinal directions of the movable volumes of heat carrier. To achieve a high accuracy it's necessary to use a more complex mathematical solution for defining the quantitative indices of the heat gas condition which takes into consideration pressure distribution, change of gas velocity vector in the pipeline behind the compressor unit, dependence of its hydrodynamic and thermal physical characteristics on temperature. The essential influence of the radial and longitudinal temperature gradients on the values of the controlled gas temperature measured by one thermometer located in the pipeline bushing is confirmed by the results of the theoretical and experimental research. On the basis of the analysis of the mathematical model and experimental research it's evident that the gas and pipe temperatures after reduction don't reach the thermodynamic balance. The temperature gradient is retained at the distance much longer than a hundred of diameters, this distance is sufficient for the calculation unit and that's why the temperature of the heat carrier in the zone of diaphragm, which is used for calculation of its volume, will differ from the temperature indices in the bushing of thermometer. For the significant decrease of error of the temperature measurement method it's necessary to take the values of two transducers set up at the definite distance in the transportation pipeline before and behind the diaphragm. In the zone of the pipeline diaphragm the gas temperature may be defined by a simple calculation by the data of the gradient of temperatures fixed by the first and the second thermometer and the distance at which these thermometers are located. The offered principles of equivalency of the complex transportation systems made possible to construct the characteristics of the linear part of the transukrainian system of main gas pipelines for the purpose to define the exploitation parameters and to estimate the energy consumption for gas transportation. By the method of characteristics there was constructed an algorithm and made calculation of percolation and total power of compressor stations under different conditions of system exploitation. The research of dependence of total energy consumption for gas transportation on the depth of its cooling after compression while taking into account energy consumption for cooling demonstrated that the increase of the gas cooling depth in the reasonable limits leads to decrease of the total energy consumption for gas transportation. There was done analytical and experimental laboratory and industrial research to develop new methods of heat exchange intensification in the heat exchange units by application of physical fields - low frequency, acoustic and electromagnetic. There was tested in the industrial conditions the method of heat exchange intensification, which differs from the known methods by its high technical and economical effectiveness and which includes the manual cleaning of the heat exchange units from scale and sludge.